Inoita Sei Silicon Carbide Inovandudza Iyo Hunhu hweCastings?

Shambadzira Nguva: 06 / 17 2021 Munyori: Saiti Saiti Kushanyirwa: 13646

1.Introduction

Iyo makemikari ekuumbwa kwesimbi yakanyungudika yakafanana, uye iyo yekunyungudutsa maitiro akasiyana, uye zvivakwa zvesimbi yesimbi yakawanikwa inosiyana zvakanyanya. The foundry adopts nzira dzakadai yakaumbwa simbi overheating, inoculation kurapwa, kuchinja mutariri reshiyo, achiwedzera zvisaririra kana alloying zvinhu, etc., kuvandudza metallurgia yepamusoro uye vachikanda mashandiro esimbi simbi, uye panguva imwecheteyo kunatsiridza zvikuru zvemaziso zvivakwa uye kugadzirisa kuita. Induction yemagetsi tirauta yekunyungudusa yesimbi yakanyungudutswa inogona kunyatso kudzora tembiricha yesimbi yakanyungudutswa, kunyatso kugadzirisa iyo makemikari, kuderedza chinhu kupisa kurasikirwa, uye kuva nesarufa yakaderera uye phosphorus zvemukati. Inobatsira kwazvo kugadzirwa kwesimbi ductile, vermicular graphite cast iron uye yakasimba-simba grey cast iron. Nekudaro, iyo nucleation chiyero chesimbi yakanyungudutswa inonyungudutswa muiyo induction yemagetsi choto inoderedzwa, uye mukanwa chena unowanzo kuve wakakura, uye zviri nyore kuburitsa supercooled graphite. Kunyangwe hazvo simba nekuoma kwawedzera, iyo metallurgia mhando yesimbi yakakanda haina kukwirira.

Muma1980, mainjiniya ekuChinese akaenda kunze kwenyika kunodzidza nekudzidza vakaona kuti nhema zvinhu zvakaputsika-zvakaita segirazi zvakawedzerwa kuchoto chemagetsi chemafurati ekunze pavakanyungudutswa. Mushure mekubvunza, vakadzidza kuti yaive silicon carbide. Mumba makambani ekuJapan anotsigirwa nemari anoshandiswa akashandisawo silicon carbide sechiwedzero muhuwandu hwakawanda kwenguva yakareba. Mune cupola kana yemagetsi vira rekuyenga simbi yakanyungudutswa, zvakanakira kuwedzera prereatment mumiririri SiC zvakawanda. Nesilicon carbide rakakamurwa hasha mugiredhi uye metallurgical giredhi. Iyo yekutanga yakakwira mukuchena uye inodhura, nepo yekupedzisira iri yakaderera mutengo.

Iyo silicon carbide yakawedzerwa muvira inoshandurwa kuita kabhoni uye nesilicon yesimbi yakakandwa. Imwe ndeye kuwedzera kabhoni yakaenzana; chimwe ndechekusimbisa kudzikiswa kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa uye nekudzora zvakanyanya mhedzisiro yakaipa yechaji inobhadharisa. Kuwedzerwa kwesilicon carbide kunogona kudzivirira kunaya kwemacarbides, kuwedzera huwandu hweferrite, kuita iyo simbi simbi dense, zvakanyanya kugadzirisa kugadzirisa mashandiro uye kuita iyo yekucheka nzvimbo kumeso. Wedzera huwandu hwemabhora egirafu pauniti nharaunda yenedular cast iron uye wedzera spheroidization mwero. Iyo zvakare ine mhedzisiro yakanaka mukuderedza isiri-yesimbi inclusions uye slag, kubvisa shrinkage porosity, uye kubvisa subcutaneous pores.

2. Basa Rekusimudzira

2.1 Nheyo yenucleation Muna Fe-C eutectic system, grey cast iron ndiyo inotungamira chikamu cheeutectic nekuda kwenzvimbo yakanyunguduka ye graphite panguva ye eutectic solidification nhanho, uye austenite inogadziriswa ne graphite. Iwo maviri-girafu graphite + austenite akamera pamwe uye akakura-akakura tsanga dzakaumbwa nechero graphite musimboti sezvo nzvimbo inonzi eutectic masumbu. Iyo submicroscopic graphite aggregates, isina kunyungudika graphite particles, imwe yakakwira yakanyunguduka poindi sulfides, oxides, carbides, nitride particles, nezvimwe zviripo mune yakakandwa simbi inonyungudika inogona kuve inopesana graphite nuclei. Iko hakuna musiyano wakakosha pakati peiyo nucleation ye nodular cast iron uye iyo nucleation yegrey cast iron, kunze kwekuti magnesium oxides uye sulfide zvinowedzerwa kune yakakosha zvinhu.

Kunaya kwemvura ye graphite musimbi yakanyungudutswa inofanirwa kuita maviri maitiro: nucleation uye kukura. Kune nzira mbiri dze graphite nucleation: homogeneous nucleation uye heterogeneous nucleation. Homogeneous nucleation inonziwo zvoga zvoga nucleation. Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwekudzora maatomu ekabhoni mune simbi yakanyungudika inodarika yakakosha kristal nucleus size, uye mapoka eatomu ecarbon akarongedzwa nenzira yakarongeka mupfupi renji anogona kuita akafanana kristaro nuclei. Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti mwero wesupercooling wakafanana wekristal nuclei wakakura kwazvo, uye iyo yakasarudzika kristaro nucleus inofanira kunyanya kushandiswa senhengo yekumisikidza graphite musimbi yakanyungudutswa. Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvekune dzimwe nyika musimbi yakanyungudutswa, uye kune mamirioni mashanu emapoidhi akaiswa zvinhu mune 5cm1 yesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Izvo chete zvimedu zvine hukama nehukama nematanho epakati uye zvikamu zve graphite ndidzo dzinogona kuita graphite nucleation substrates. Hunhu hunhu hwehukama hwekufananidza hukama hunodaidzwa kuti ndege mismatch degree. Ehezve, chete kana kusanzwisisika kwendege yetsiva iri diki ndipo apo maatomu ekabhoni anowirirana nyore nyore ne graphite nucleus. Kana iyo nucleation zvinhu iri kabhoni maatomu, saka yavo mismatch degree iri zero, uye akadai nucleation mamiriro akanakisa.

Simba remukati resilicon carbide rakaora rikava kabhoni nesilicon musimbi yakanyungudika yakakura kudarika kabhoni nesilicon iri musimbi yakanyungudutswa pachayo. Iyo Si iri musimbi yakanyungudutswa pachayo yakanyungudutswa muaustenite, uye kabhoni iri musimbi yakanyungudutswa yeductile cast iron iri mune imwe simbi. Graphite mabhora akaumbwa mukati memvura, mamwe acho asati atombomiswa muaustenite. Naizvozvo, kuwedzerwa kwesilicon carbide ine yakanaka deoxidation mhedzisiro.

Si + O2 → SiO2
(1) MgO + SiO2 → MgO ∙ SiO2
(2) 2MgO +2SiO2→ 2MgO∙2SiO2
(3) Enstatite nziyo MgO, SiO2 uye forsterite kuumbwa 2MgO-2SiO2 vane yakakwira mwero wekusaenzana ne graphite (001), iyo inonetsa kushandiswa sehwaro hwe graphite nucleation. Mushure mekurapwa nesimbi yakanyungudutswa ine Ca, Ba, Sr, Al uye ferrosilicon, MgO, SiO2 + X → XO ∙ SiO2 + Mg
(4) (2MgO, 2SiO2) + 3X + 6Al → 3 (XO, Al2O3, 2SiO2) + 8Mg
(5) Kupi X —— Ca, Ba, Sr.

Izvo zvinogadzirwa zvigadzirwa XO, SiO2 uye XO, Al2O3, SiO inogona kugadzira makristasi akasunganidzwa pane MgO, SiO2 uye 2MgO, 2SiO2 substrates. Nekuda kwekusaenderana kwakaderera pakati pe graphite uye XO, SiO2 uye XO, Al2O3, SiO2, inobatsira graphite nucleation. Zvakanaka graphitization. Inogona kunatsiridza kugadzira kuita uye kunatsiridza zvemaziso zvivakwa.

2.2 Pre-inoculation yeisina-equilibrium graphite:

Kazhinji, chiyero cheakakundikana nucleation inowedzerwa kuburikidza ne inoculation, uye iro basa reheterogeneous nucleation musimbi yakanyungudutswa:

RomKurudzira huwandu hwakawanda hwekunaya kweC mune eutectic solidification nhanho uye fomu graphite kusimudzira graphitization;
Deredza chiyero chesimbi yakanyunguduka supercooling uye kudzikisira maitiro emuromo chena;
Re Wedzera huwandu hwemasumbu eutectic mune grey cast iron kana kuwedzera huwandu hwe graphite mabhora mune ductile iron.

SiC inowedzerwa panguva yekunyungudutswa kwemutero. Silicon carbide ine nzvimbo inonyungudika 2700 ° C uye hainyungudike musimbi yakanyungudika. Iyo inongonyungudika musimbi yakanyungudika zvinoenderana neanotevera maitiro fomula.
SiC + Fe → FeSi + C (isiri-equilibrium graphite)

(6) Mune fomula, Si muSiC inosanganiswa naFe, uye iyo yakasara C isiri-equilibrium graphite, iyo inoshanda seiko musimboti wemvura ye graphite. Non-equilibrium graphite inoita C musimbi yakanyungudika isina kugoverwa zvakaenzana, uye chinhu chemuno C chakanyanya kukwirira, uye "carbon peaks" ichaonekwa munzvimbo diki. Iyi graphite nyowani ine chiitiko chakakwira, uye kusatenderana kwayo nekabhoni zero, saka zviri nyore kupinza kabhoni musimbi yakanyungudutswa, uye inoculation mhedzisiro iri nani zvakanyanya. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti silicon carbide yakadaro silicon-based nucleating agent.

Silicon carbide inowedzerwa panguva yekunyungudika kwesimbi yakakandwa. Kune grey cast iron, iyo pre-incubation yeisina-equilibrium graphite ichagadzira huwandu hukuru hwemasumbu eutectic uye kuwedzera tembiricha yekukura (kuderedza inoenderana necooling), inoenderana nekuumbwa kwerudzi A graphite; iyo nhamba yekristaro nuclei inowedzera, ichiita kuti maflakes Graphite ive yakanaka, iyo inovandudza mwero we graphitization uye inoderedza maitiro emuromo chena, nokudaro ichivandudza michina zvivakwa. Kune spheroidal graphite cast iron, kuwedzera kwemakristall cores kunowedzera huwandu hwe graphite spheres uye iyo spheroidization rate inogona kuvandudzwa.

2.3 Kubviswa kweE-mhando graphite hypereutectic grey yakakanda simbi. C-mhando uye F-mhando yekutanga graphite inoumbwa muchikamu chemvura. Nekuti kukura kwacho hakuvhiringidzwe neaustenite, mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, zviri nyore kukura kuita maflakes makuru uye mashoma mabara C-mhando Graphite: Kana iyo yakatetepa-yakakomberedzwa kukandwa yatonhorera nekukurumidza, iyo graphite inozoita bazi nekukura kuita nyeredzi- yakaumbwa F-mhando graphite.
Iyo flake graphite yakakura mu eutectic solidification nhanho inogadzira A, B, E, D graphites emhando dzakasiyana uye akasiyana magadziriso pasi pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemakemikari uye akasiyana undercooling mamiriro.

Type A graphite inoumbwa mu eutectic cluster ine yakaderera undercooling uye yakasimba nucleation kugona, uye yakaenzana yakagoverwa mu cast iron. Pakati peyakanaka flake pearlite, iwo madiki iyo graphite kureba, inowedzera iyo yakasimba tensile simba, iyo inokodzera michina maturusi uye akasiyana mamakanika castings.

Type D graphite ndeye poindi uye pepa-senge interdendritic graphite ine isiri-yekuratidzira kugovera. D-mhando graphite cast iron ine yakanyanya ferrite zvemukati uye ayo emagetsi zvivakwa zvinokanganiswa. Nekudaro, D-mhando graphite cast iron ine akawanda austenite dendrites, graphite ipfupi uye yakakombama, uye iyo eutectic boka iri muchimiro chemapellets. Naizvozvo, tichienzanisa neiya yakafanana matrix A-mhando graphite cast iron, inowanzo kuve nesimba rakakwira.

Type E graphite rudzi rwe flake graphite iyo ipfupi pane Type A graphite. Kunge D-mhando graphite, iyo iri pakati pe dendrites uye iri pamwe chete inonzi dendritic graphite. E inki iri nyore kugadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa neyepasi kabhoni yakaenzana (hombe degree re hypoeutectic) uye akapfuma austenite dendrites. Panguva ino, masumbu eutectic uye dendrites kuyambuka-kukura. Nekuti iyo nhamba ye interdendritic eutectic iron mvura ishoma, iyo yakadzvanywa eutectic graphite inongogovera pamwe nekwavo kweve dendrites, iyo ine pachena kutungamira. Dhigirii rekudzora undercooling rinogadzira E-mhando graphite rakakura kupfuura iro reA-mhando graphite uye isingasviki yeiyo D-mhando graphite, uye ukobvu hwayo nehurefu zviri pakati peA uye D-mhando graphite. Type E graphite haisi ye supercooled graphite, uye inowanzo kuperekedzwa nerudzi D graphite. Kugoverwa kunongedzera kweE-mhando graphite pakati pe dendrites zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti simbi yakakandwa ive brittle uye kutyora mubhendi ichitevedza grafite gwara rinotungamira pasi pesimba diki rekunze. Naizvozvo, E-mhando girafu inoonekwa, uye makona madiki castings anogona kutyorwa nemaoko, uye simba revakakanda rakadzikira zvakanyanya. Sezvo kabhoni yezvinyorwa inowedzera, iyo inotonhorera mwero inofanirwa kuumba yakanaka interdendritic graphite inowedzera, uye mukana wekugadzira interdendritic graphite unoderera. Iyo yakakwira degree yekupisa kwekunyungudika uye kwenguva refu-kupisa kuchengetedza kuchawedzera mwero we undercooling, nokudaro ichiwedzera kukura kweiyo dendrites, ichiita iyo dendrites yakareba uye iine yakajeka miromo. Kana SiC ichishandiswa pre-incubate iyo yakanyungudutswa simbi, iyo undercooling yeiyo yekutanga austenite inoderedzwa panguva imwe chete, uye mapfupi austenite dendrites anoonekwa panguva ino. Inobvisa hwaro hweE-mhando graphite.

2.4 Vandudza Iyo Hunhu hweKukanda Iron

Kune spheroidal graphite yakakanda simbi, mune yakaenzana chiyero che spheroidizing mumiriri, pretreatment nesilicon carbide, goho rekupedzisira remagnesium rakakwirira. Nezve simbi yakanyungudutswa yakaumbirwa nesilicon carbide, kana huwandu hwesara yemagniziyamu mukukanda ichengetwa zvakada kufanana, huwandu hwe spheroidizing mumiririri hwakawedzerwa hunogona kudzikiswa ne10%, uye chena muromo muromo we nodular cast iron unodzikiswa.

Silicon carbide muvira rekutsvaira, kuwedzera kune kabhoni nesilicon musimbi yakanyungudutswa inoratidzwa mufomula (1), iyo deoxidation reaction yemafomula (2) uye (3) inoitwawo. Kana iyo yakawedzerwa SiC iri padyo nemadziro echoto, iyo inogadzirwa SiO2 inoisa pamadziro evira uye kuwedzera ukobvu hweduri remadziro. Pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya kwekunyungudika, SiO2 ichaita decarburization reaction yeiyo fomula (4) uye iyo slagging reaction yeiyo fomula (5) uye (6).

(7) 3SiC + 2Fe2O3 = 3SiO2 + 4Fe + 3C
(8) C + FeO → Fe + CO ↑
(9) (SiO2) + 2C = [Si] + 2CO (gasi mamiriro)
(10) SiO2 + FeO → FeO · SiO2 (slag)
(11) Al2O3 + SiO2 → Al2O3 · SiO2 (slag)

Iyo deoxidizing mhedzisiro yesilicon carbide inoita iyo deoxidized chigadzirwa iite akateedzana esimbi metallurgia mune yesimbi yakanyungudutswa, ichideredza zvinokuvadza mhedzisiro yemakisiidhi mune yakasviba chiraji, uye nekunyatso kuchenesa simbi yakanyungudutswa.

2.5 Mashandisiro Aungaita Silicon Carbide

Rucheno rwe metallurgia giredhi yesilicon carbide iri pakati pe 88% ne 90%, uye marara anofanirwa kubviswa kutanga pakuverenga kabhoni nesilicon kuwedzera. Zvinoenderana nemamorekuru eesilicon carbide, zviri nyore kuwana: Kuwedzera kweCarbon: C = C / (C + Si) = 12 / (12 + 28) = 30% (12) Silicon kuwedzera: Si = Si / (C + Si) = 28 / (12 + 28) = 70% (13) Huwandu hwesilicon carbide yakawedzerwa inowanzova 0.8% -1.0% yeuwandu hwesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Nzira yekuwedzera nesilicon carbide ndeiyi: kunyorera simbi yakanyungudutswa muvira remagetsi. Kana iyo Kukuru Mukutonga kwechiFascist ikanyunguduka 1/3 yechaji, wedzera iyo pakati peiyo Kukuru Mukutonga kwechiFascist, edza kusagunzva vira remadziro, uyezve ramba uchiwedzera iyo yekuchaja yekunyungudutsa. Mune cupola inonyungudisa simbi yakanyungudutswa, silicon carbide ine chidimbu chemazana 1-5mm inogona kusanganiswa neyakaenzana simende kana zvimwe zvinonamatira, uye mvura inowedzerwa kuita saizi. Mushure mekuomeswa muzuva rinopisa, inogona kushandiswa muchoto zvichienderana nebatch ratio.

3.Kupedzisa Mashoko

Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, ingave irori, bhizinesi kana mota yemhuri, kudzikisira huremu hwemotokari kwagara kuri iko kusimukira kweyekutsvaga mota nekusimudzira. Mukushomeka kwemusika kwedambudziko rezvemari, China Northern Corporation yakakwenenzvera maitiro uye ikatengesa marori anorema-basa kuNorth America, zvakanyatsoenderana nehuremu huremu hwemarori anorema. Iko kushandiswa kwetete-yakakomberedzwa grey cast iron, ductile iron uye vermicular graphite cast iron, gobvu-rakakomberedzwa ductile simbi uye Aubrey ductile iron, inoisa kumberi kwakakwirira zvinodiwa pane metallurgia mhando yesimbi yakakandwa.

Iyo inoculation prereatment yesilicon carbide ine mhedzisiro yekuvandudza iyo metallurgia mhando yesimbi yakakandwa. Muvambi nyanzvi Li Chuanshi akanyora chinyorwa chekuti mushure mekunge mushonga wekusanganisa wawedzerwa kune iyo simbi yakanyungudutswa, mhedzisiro miviri inogona kucherechedzwa: imwe ndeyekuwedzera kabhoni yakaenzana imwe ndeye kuchinja mamiriro esimbi esimbi yakanyungudutswa, iyo inowedzera kudzikisira.

Muna 1978, BC Godsell weUnited Kingdom akaburitsa zvayakatsvaga pakutsvagisa kwesimbi ductile. Kubva ipapo, iyo yekuyedza kuyedza pamusoro peiyo prereatment maitiro haina kumiswa, uye maitiro acho ave kuita akura. Kune grey kukanda simbi, silicon carbide inoculation pretreatment inogona kudzora mwero we undercooling uye kudzikisira maitiro emuchena muromo; wedzera graphite musimboti, kusimudzira kuumbwa kweA-mhando graphite, kuderedza kana kudzivirira kugadzirwa kweB-mhando, E-mhando uye D-mhando graphite, uye kuwedzera huwandu hwemasumbu eutectic. Yakaisvonaka flake graphite; ye spheroidal graphite cast iron, iyo prereatment yesilicon carbide inoculation inokurudzira kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe graphite mabhora mune simbi yakakandwa, iyo spheroidization chiyero, uye kutenderera kwemabara e graphite.

Iko kushandiswa kwesilicon carbide kunogona kusimbisa iyo deoxidation uye kudzikisira mhedzisiro yesimbi oxide, kuita iyo yakakandwa simbi mamiriro kuumbana uye kuwedzera kutsetseka kwekucheka kwepamusoro. Iko kushandiswa kwesilicon carbide kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwevira remadziro pasina kuwedzera aruminiyamu nesarufa yezvinhu zvakaumbwa nesimbi.

Ndokumbirawo uchengete kwainobva nekero yechinyorwa chino kuti iprote zvakare:Inoita Sei Silicon Carbide Inovandudza Iyo Hunhu hweCastings?

Minghe Kambani Inokanda Kambani dzakatsaurirwa kugadzira uye kupa mhando uye epamusoro kuita Kukanda Zvikamu (simbi kufa zvikamu zvekukanda mhando zvinonyanya kusanganisira Mutete-Wall Yakakanda Kukanda,Hot Chamber Die Kukanda,Cold Chamber Die Kukanda), Round Sevhisi (Die Kukanda Service,Cnc machine,Kugadzira Mould, Surface Kurapa) .Chero tsika yeAluminium kufa kukanda, magnesium kana Zamak / zinc kufa kukanda uye zvimwe zvinodiwa zvekukanda zvinogamuchirwa kuti utibate.

ISO90012015 UYE ITAF 16949 Kukanda KAMPANI SHOP

Pasi pekutonga kwe ISO9001 uye TS 16949, Maitiro ese anoitwa kuburikidza nemazana epamberi kufa michina yekukanda, mishina-axis michina, uye zvimwe zvivakwa, zvinobva kumablasters kusvika ku Ultra Sonic yekuwachisa michina. timu yevainjiniya vane ruzivo, vashandisi uye vaongorori kuti zvigadzirwa zvemutengi zviitike.

SIMBA ALUMINUM KUFA KUKUNDA NENO ISO90012015

Chibvumirano chinogadzira kufa kwekufa. Unyanzvi hunosanganisira inotonhorera kamuri aluminium kufa kukanda zvikamu kubva pa0.15 lbs. kusvika ku6 lbs., kukurumidza shanduko kumisikidzwa, uye machining. Kukosha-kwakawedzerwa masevhisi anosanganisira kukwiza, kudedera, kuita deburring, kupfura kupfura, kupenda, kupenda, kupfeka, kuungana, uye kushandisa. Zvishandiso zvakashanda pamwe zvinosanganisira alloys senge 360, 380, 383, uye 413.

AKANAKA ZINC KUFA vachikanda zvikamu MUCHINA

Zinc kufa kukanda dhizaini rubatsiro / panguva imwe chete mabasa einjiniya. Tsika inogadzira chaiyo zinc kufa castings. Miniature castings, yakanyanya kumanikidza kufa castings, yakawanda-slide muforoma castings, yakajairwa muforoma castings, yuniti kufa uye yakazvimirira kufa castings uye mhango yakavharwa castings inogona kugadzirwa. Castings inogona kugadzirwa muhurefu uye hupamhi kusvika makumi maviri nemana mukati. Mu +/- 24 mukati. Shiviriro.

ISO 9001 2015 yakasimbiswa gadzira kufa kwekukanda magnesium uye chakuvhuvhu kugadzira

ISO 9001: 2015 yakasimbiswa inogadzira kufa cast magnesium, Kugona kunosanganisira yakakwira-yekumanikidza magnesium kufa kukanda kusvika 200 ton inopisa kamuri & 3000 toni kamuri inotonhorera, dhizaini dhizaini, kupora, kuumba, kugadzira, poda & pendi yemvura, yakazara QA ine CMM kugona , gungano, kurongedza & kuendesa.

Minghe Kukanda Kuwedzera Kukanda Sevhisi-Investment Kudzingwa etc.

ITAF16949 yakasimbiswa. Kuwedzera Kukanda Sevhisi Sanganisira utsvaga kukanda,jecha kukanda,Gravity Kukanda, Yakarasika Furo Kukanda,Kukanda kweCentrifugal,Vacuum Kukanda,Permanent Mould KukandaUnyanzvi hunosanganisira EDI, rubatsiro rweinjiniya, yakasimba modelling uye yechipiri kugadzirisa.

Kukanda Maindasitiri Zvikamu Nyaya Dzedzidzo dze: Mota, Mabhasikoro, Ndege, Zvimhanzi, Watercraft, Optical zvishandiso, Sensors, Models, Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, Mahombekombe, Mawachi, Michina, Injini, Furniture, Zvishongo, Jigs, Telecom, Mheni, Midziyo yekurapa, Mifananidzo yemifananidzo, Marobhoti, Zvivezwa, Zvishandiso zveruzha, Zvekushandisa zvemitambo, Matombo, Matoyi nezvimwe.